Organ-specific packages

Our Bone metabolism 1 package provides information about the parameters that influence the basic composition of bones. The package includes the measurement of the ions (Ca, P, Mg, Na), which are necessary for the composition of the bones and the determination of vitamin D3, which is necessary for the absorption of calcium ion. Osteocalcin, a biochemical marker of bone cells, provides information about the function of bone-forming cells (osteoblasts). The mineral density of bone is supported by vitamin B12. Alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus together give information about bone metabolism.

• Vitamins: vitamin B12 (B12), vitamin D3 (D3)
• Bone condition: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), osteocalcin
• Minerals and trace elements: magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na)

Our Bone metabolism 2 package provides information about the parameters that influence the basic composition of bones. The package includes the measurement of the ions (Ca, P, Mg, Na), which are necessary for the composition of the bones and the determination of vitamin D3, which is necessary for the absorption of calcium ion. Osteocalcin, a biochemical marker of bone cells, provides information about the function of bone-forming cells (osteoblasts). The mineral density of bone is supported by vitamin B12. ALP, calcium and phosphorus together give information about bone metabolism.

Additionally, our package also includes the measurement of the hormonal regulation of bone metabolism (iPTH, PTH, calcitonin); the determination of uric acid (UA) that is a characteristic of kidney function, and rheumatoid factor (RF), which also indicates inflammation of joints and bones.

• Inflammatory parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), rheumatoid factor (RF)
• Thyroid function: calcitonin
• Parathyroid function: parathyroid hormone (parathormone, PTH), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH)
• Bone condition: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), beta‑crosslaps (BCL), calcium (Ca), osteocalcin
• Vitamins: vitamin B12 (B12), vitamin D3 (D3)
• Minerals and trace elements: magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na)
• Kidney function: uric acid (UA)

In addition to Bone metabolism 1 and 2 packages, this package also includes tests for carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, which also affect bone composition as well as measurements of growth hormones and sex hormones (hGH, IGF-1, E2, FSH, testosterone) and examination of kidney function.

Bone metabolism 1 and 2 packages provide information about the parameters that influence the basic composition of bones. The package includes the measurement of the ions (Ca, P, Mg, Na), which are necessary for the composition of the bones and the determination of vitamin D3, which is necessary for the absorption of calcium ion. Osteocalcin, a biochemical marker of bone cells, provides information about the function of bone-forming cells (osteoblasts). The mineral density of bone is supported by vitamin B12. ALP, calcium and phosphorus together give information about bone metabolism.

In addition to above, Bone metabolism 1 package also includes the measurement of the hormonal regulation of bone metabolism (iPTH, PTH, calcitonin); the determination of kidney function (UA), and rheumatoid factor (RF), which also indicates inflammation of joints and bones.

Beta-crosslap assay can be used to monitor patients with osteoporosis on antiresorptive therapy and to evaluate the extent to which patients follow their treatment prescriptions.

• Carbohydrate metabolism: glucose (GLU, fasting)
• Kidney function: total bilirubin (T-Bil), carbamide (Urea, N, BUN), creatinine/ EGFR, uric acid (UA), cystatin c
• Minerals and trace elements: sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu)
• Inflammatory parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (ultra-sensitive CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF)
• Bone condition: calcium (Ca), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, beta‑crosslaps (BCL)
• Thyroid function: calcitonin
• Parathyroid function: intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), parathyroid hormone (parathormone, PTH)
• Sex hormones: estrogen (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone
• Vitamins: vitamin D3 (D3)
• Growth hormones and factors: growth hormone (hGH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
• Urine sediment analysis: red blood cells, white blood cells, white blood cell conglomerates, bacteria, fungi, squamous epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells, crystals, hyaline cylinder, pathologic cylinder, sperm, mucus
• General urine analysis: glucose, protein, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, pH, ketones, nitrites, white blood cells, specific gravity, color, clarity/turbidity (protein/creatinine ratio (calculated).
• Clinical urine test: urine calcium, urine calcium/creatinine ratio urine creatinine

The condition of the blood vessels is highly dependent on the internal stability (homeostasis) of the body. Therefore, the package examines the overall carbohydrate, lipid, fat and protein metabolism, as well as the ionic balance. The data also provide information about the function of different organs (kidneys, liver, muscles) that are involved in maintaining these processes. Our package provides information about pathological processes with the help of inflammation and autoimmunity tests. In addition, the package also provides information about the function of the hematopoietic system and includes general urine and sediment tests.

• Carbohydrate metabolism: glucose (GLU, fasting)
• Liver function: gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
• Fat metabolism: cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL), HDL cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A 1 (Apo A1), apolipoprotein B (Apo B,) lipoprotein a (Lpa)
• Kidney function: carbamide (Urea, N, BUN), creatinine/ EGFR, uric acid (UA)
• Minerals and trace elements: sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu)
• Protein metabolism: albumin (ALB), total protein (TP)
• Inflammatory parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (cardiospecific high-sensitivity CRP)
• Muscle metabolism: creatine kinase (CK)
• Blood clotting (Coagulation): prothrombrin+INR (Pt +INR)
• Autoimmune test: anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA screen), anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibody (Anti-MPO)
• Serological test: complement C3 (C3), complement C4 (C4)
• Blood count with 22 parameters: Blood count: white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Differential count parameters (expressed in % and absolute value): neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), monocytes (MONO), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BASO), large unstained cells (LUC). Thrombocyte parameters: thrombocyte/platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT).
• Reticulocyte parameters: reticulocyte (% RETIC), reticulocyte (abs RETIC)
• Urine sediment analysis: red blood cells, white blood cells, white blood cell conglomerates, bacteria, fungi, squamous epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells, crystals, hyaline cylinder, pathologic cylinder, sperm, mucus
• General urine analysis: glucose, protein, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, pH, ketones, nitrites, white blood cells, specific gravity, color, clarity/turbidity (protein/creatinine ratio (calculated).

Our package includes tests for pathological conditions and diseases that affect the intestinal tract, such as celiac disease (gluten intolerance), (ATTG), cirrhosis (cirrhosis, AMA-M2), inflammation of the inner lining of the colon (colitis) (ASCA), colorectal cancer (stool lactoferrin, calprotectin).

• Autoimmune test: antimitochondrial antibody M2 (AMA-M2), Anti-Tissue-Transglutaminase (ATTG) IgA, IgG screen, anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) autoantibody (ASCA IgG and IgA)
• Stool analysis: stool blood, lactoferrin, calprotectin

The Liver function laboratory package provides information about the function of the liver (GGT, AST, ALT) and the kidneys as well as about the protein metabolism (albumin, total protein). Additionally, the package gives an overview of possible inflammatory processes in the liver (ALP).

• Liver function: gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), direct bilirubin, total bilirubin
• Protein metabolism: albumin (ALB), total protein (TP)
• Kidney function: direct bilirubin, total bilirubin
• Inflammatory parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Inflammatory liver disease can be caused by many factors, such as viruses, chemicals, drugs (paracetamol, sleeping pills/sedatives, antibiotics, anti-epileptic drugs), alcohol, hereditary diseases or autoimmune processes. The inflammation may have a short-term (a few months) (acute form), with symptoms of mild fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, itching.

It can last for years (chronic form), with no symptoms or only very mild symptoms (fatigue, lethargy), which can eventually lead to liver failure. One of the most common causes of chronic liver inflammation is increased fat accumulation in the liver (alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver). This condition is most common in metabolic syndrome (MetS).

A number of inflammatory parameters can indicate abnormal conditions. In addition to general inflammatory factors (CRP, LDH), changes in GPT levels serve an important marker. ALP is an indicator of bile duct occlusion. Alcohol and drug abuse is indicated by an increase in GGT levels. Increased bilirubin levels cause jaundice to develop. In liver inflammation, the blood clotting time is also prolonged (prothombine time), Elevated copper levels may indicate Wilson’s disease (copper metabolism disorder). Abnormal elevation of iron indicates hemochromatosis.

The most common cause of hepatitis is viral infection. The types of hepatitis viruses are A, B, C, D and E.

Our specific viral serology tests are included in the Hepatitis laboratory package.

In case of a suspected autoimmune liver inflammation, choose among our Laboratory testing for arthritis and autoimmune diseases Hepatitis Infection serology package.

• Carbohydrate metabolism: glucose (GLU, fasting)
• Liver function: direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
• Fat metabolism: cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL), HDL cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG)
• Kidney function: direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, carbamide (Urea, N, BUN), creatinine/ EGFR, uric acid
• Minerals and trace elements: chloride (Cl), iron (Fe), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P)
• Protein metabolism: albumin (ALB), total protein (TP)
• Inflammatory parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (ultra-sensitive, CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
• Pancreas function: alpha amylase (AMY), lipase (LIP)
• Biliary function: total bile acids (TBA)
• Function of the hematopoietic system: iron (Fe), transferrin (Trf), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC)
• Muscle metabolism: creatine kinase (CK)
• Neurological function: cholinesterase (CHE)
• Blood count with 22 parameters: Blood count: white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Differential count parameters (expressed in % and absolute value): neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), monocytes (MONO), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BASO), large unstained cells (LUC). Thrombocyte parameters: thrombocyte/platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT).
• Urine sediment analysis: red blood cells, white blood cells, white blood cell conglomerates, bacteria, fungi, squamous epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells, crystals, hyaline cylinder, pathologic cylinder, sperm, mucus
• General urine analysis: glucose, protein, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, pH, ketones, nitrites, white blood cells, specific gravity, color, clarity/turbidity (protein/creatinine ratio (calculated).

The package includes the most fundamental thyroid tests. By detecting the levels of hormones produced by the thyroid gland and how these hormones are regulated, the package provides information about the thyroid condition.

• Thyroid function: free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4)
• Regulation of thyroid hormones: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

The package includes the most fundamental thyroid tests. By detecting the levels of hormones produced by the thyroid gland (FT3, FT4) and the possible autoimmune processes (anti-TPO, ATG), the package provides information about the thyroid condition. In addition, the package includes the assessment of the hematopoietic system condition.

• Thyroid function: free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (ATG), total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4)
• Regulation of thyroid hormones: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Blood count with 22 parameters: Blood count: white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Differential count parameters (expressed in % and absolute value): neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), monocytes (MONO), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BASO), large unstained cells (LUC). Thrombocyte parameters: thrombocyte/platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT).

In addition to basic thyroid (FT3, FT4, T3, T4, calcitonin) and parathyroid (iPTH, PTH) hormone function, the package also includes specific parameters characterizing thyroid function (Thyroglobulin, Thyroxin binding globulin) and regulation (TSH). It also provides information about possible pathological processes (anti-TPO, ATG) and the level of inflammation (ALP, CRP). Pathological processes can alter the condition of hematopoietic system; thus, our package also tests these parameters.

• Inflammatory parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (ultra-sensitive CRP)
• Thyroid function: free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), thyroxine-binding globulin/thyroglobulin (TBG) anti-thyroglobulin (ATG), total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), calcitonin
• Regulation of thyroid hormones: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Parathyroid function: intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• Blood count with 22 parameters: Blood count: white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Differential count parameters (expressed in % and absolute value): neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), monocytes (MONO), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BASO), large unstained cells (LUC). Thrombocyte parameters: thrombocyte/platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT).

Information about the package:

Our Cardiac laboratory package examines the most fundamental risk factors for cardiovascular disease (lipid, fat, carbohydrate, protein and muscle metabolism). It also examines the function parameters of the organs involved in the previous processes (liver, kidneys, muscles). It provides information about possible inflammation and the function of the hematopoietic system.

• Carbohydrate metabolism: glucose (GLU, fasting), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
• Liver function: direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
• Fat metabolism: apolipoprotein A 1 (Apo A1), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL),  lipoprotein a (Lpa), HDL cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG)
• Kidney function: direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, carbamide (Urea, N, BUN), creatinine/ EGFR, uric acid
• Minerals and trace elements: iron (Fe), calcium (Ca)
• Protein metabolism: albumin (ALB), total protein (TP)
• Inflammatory parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (cardiospecific high-sensitivity CRP)
• Muscle function: cardiac troponin I (Tn I)
• Thyroid function: free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4)
• Regulation of thyroid hormones: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Function of the hematopoietic system: iron (Fe), transferrin (Trf), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC)
• Blood count with 22 parameters: Blood count: white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Differential count parameters (expressed in % and absolute value): neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), monocytes (MONO), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BASO), large unstained cells (LUC). Thrombocyte parameters: thrombocyte/platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT).

The cardiac laboratory package examines the most fundamental risk factors for cardiovascular disease (fat, carbohydrate, protein and muscle metabolism). It also examines the function parameters of the organs involved in the previous processes (liver, kidneys, muscles). It provides information about possible inflammation and the function of the hematopoietic system.

The Cardiac Plus laboratory package includes specific risk factors (e.g. homocysteine, myoglobin) in addition to the fundamental risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It also provides insights into thyroid regulation (TSH) and includes muscle function tests (NT-proBNP, CK-MB, Tn I).

Troponins are proteins involved in muscle contraction of the skeletal and myocardial fibers. Troponin types are C, T and I. Cardiac-specific troponin T and/or I are relevant markers of possible heart (cardiac) damage. After myocardial damage, blood troponin I and T levels are elevated as early as 3-4 hours after myocardial damage and can remain elevated for several weeks, making them an accepted marker of e.g. heart attack (myocardial infarction).

Under increased tension, the production of active B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and inactive N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is increased in the myocardium. The increased presence of the peptides in the blood means that the heart is able to provide appropriate blood supply by increased work. This change can refer to muscle damage to the heart.

• Carbohydrate metabolism: glucose (GLU, fasting)
• Liver function: direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
• Fat metabolism: cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL), HDL cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG)
• Kidney function: direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, carbamide (Urea, N, BUN), creatinine/ EGFR
• Minerals and trace elements: iron (Fe), potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu)
• Protein metabolism: albumin (ALB), total protein (TP)
• Inflammatory parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (cardiospecific high-sensitivity CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
• Muscle metabolism: creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), myoglobin
• Muscle function: cardiac troponin I (Tn I), troponin T (Tn T), myoglobin
• Cardiac function: N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)
• Vitamins: folic acid
• Regulation of thyroid hormones: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Function of the hematopoietic system: iron (Fe), ferritin, D-dimer, homocysteine, folic acid
• Blood count with 22 parameters: Blood count: white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Differential count parameters (expressed in % and absolute value): neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), monocytes (MONO), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BASO), large unstained cells (LUC). Thrombocyte parameters: thrombocyte/platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT).
• Reticulocyte parameters: reticulocyte (% RETIC), reticulocyte (abs RETIC)

Our Kidney function laboratory package includes blood tests to monitor kidney function, as well as general urine and sediment tests.

• Kidney function: direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, carbamide (Urea, N, BUN), creatinine/ EGFR, uric acid
• Minerals and trace elements: calcium (Ca)
• Urine sediment analysis: red blood cells, white blood cells, white blood cell conglomerates, bacteria, fungi, squamous epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells, crystals, hyaline cylinder, pathologic cylinder, sperm, mucus
• General urine analysis: glucose, protein, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, pH, ketones, nitrites, white blood cells, specific gravity, color, clarity/turbidity (protein/creatinine ratio (calculated).

Our Kidney PLUS function laboratory package includes blood tests to monitor kidney function, as well as general urine and sediment tests.

Our package also includes inflammation (CRP, LDH) and infection serology (ASO) tests.
Anti-streptolysin O (ASO) antibody, which is produced and effective against one of the toxic enzymes (streptolysin O) of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. This bacterium is the most common pathogen of sore throat (bacterial pharyngitis) and it can result in many skin infections (erysipelas, impetigo, pyoderma). The infection can also lead to rheumatic fever, swelling (odema), high blood pressure (hypertension), heart damage or glomerulonephritis, which is one type of kidney diseases.

• Kidney function: direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, carbamide (Urea, N, BUN), creatinine/ EGFR, uric acid, cystatin c
• Minerals and trace elements: sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg)
• Protein metabolism: albumin (ALB), total protein (TP)
• Inflammatory parameters: C-reactive protein (ultra-sensitive, CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
• Infection serology: Anti-streptolysin “O” –streptococcus infection (ASO, ASLO)
• Urine sediment analysis: red blood cells, white blood cells, white blood cell conglomerates, bacteria, fungi, squamous epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells, crystals, hyaline cylinder, pathologic cylinder, sperm, mucus
• General urine analysis: glucose, protein, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, pH, ketones, nitrites, white blood cells, specific gravity, color, clarity/turbidity (protein/creatinine ratio (calculated).
• Clinical urine test: urine amylase, urine glucose, urine phosphate, urine calcium/creatinine ratio, urine potassium, urine carbamide (urea), urine creatinine, urine microalbumin, urine sodium, urine total protein

Our Gastric ulcer laboratory package includes blood tests to examine the condition and function of the stomach lining.

The test can detect Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach. The bacterium colonises the lining of the stomach and can cause gastrointestinal complaints, including development of gastric and duodenal ulcers and an increased risk of gastric cancer. The infection can be successfully treated with eradication of the bacteria.

Atrophic gastritis, which is often asymptomatic, can be detected with a decrease in blood pepsinogen I concentration. In case of corpus gastritis without atrophy, pepsinogen I concentration is elevated.

Blood concentrations of pepsinogen II are increased in case of inflammation of the stomach lining.

The concentration of gastrin-17 provides information about the amount of gastric acid production. An elevated concentration indicates a lack of hydrochloric acid production. When the stomach contents become more acidic, gastrin-17 also decreases.

Pre-analytical information:
You should avoid eating, drinking and smoking for at least 4 hours before the sample is taken, and stop taking stomach medications (proton pump inhibitors) for 2 weeks before the test.  Antacids should not be used 1 day before the test. The stool sample should be sent to the laboratory within 24 hours (during which time it should be kept at room temperature) or, if this is not possible, it should be frozen.

• Autoimmune tests: gastrin-17; pepsinogen I, II
• Stool analysis: H.pylori